St. Joseph Community Partnership Fund

PolicyLink and PERE 105 An Equity Profile of Orange County Adjustments made to census summary data on race/ethnicity by age Demographic change and what is referred to as the "racial generation gap" (pages 30-31) are important elements of the equity profile. Due to their centrality, care was taken to generate consistent estimates of people by race/ethnicity and age group (under 18, 18- 64, and over 64) for the years 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2016 (which reflects a 2012 through 2016 average) at the county level, which was then aggregated to the regional level and higher. The racial/ethnic groups include non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic/Latino, non-Hispanic Asian American/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Native American/Alaska Native, and non- Hispanic Other (including other single race alone and those identifying as multiracial). While for 2000 this information is readily available in SF1, for 1980 and 1990, estimates had to be made to ensure consistency over time, drawing on two different summary files for each year. For 1980, while information on total population by race/ethnicity for all ages combined was available at the county level for Data and methods all the requisite groups in STF1, for race/ethnicity by age group we had to look to STF2, where it was only available for non- Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and the remainder of the population. To estimate the number non-Hispanic Asian American/Pacific Islanders, non-Hispanic Native Americans/Alaska Natives, and non- Hispanic other or mixed race among the remainder for each age group, we applied the distribution of these three groups from the overall county population (of all ages) from STF1. For 1990, population by race/ethnicity at the county level was taken from STF2A, while population by race/ethnicity and age was taken from the 1990 Modified Age Race Sex (MARS) file—a special tabulation of people by age, race, sex, and Hispanic origin. However, to be consistent with the way race is categorized by the OMB's Directive 15, the MARS file allocates all persons identifying as other or mixed race to a specific race. After confirming that population totals by county were consistent between the MARS file and STF2A, we calculated the number of other or mixed-race people that had been added to each racial/ethnic group in each county (for all ages combined) by subtracting the number that is reported in STF2A for the corresponding group. We then derived the share of each racial/ethnic group in the MARS file that was made up of other or mixed race people and applied this share to estimate the number of people by race/ethnicity and age group exclusive of the other or mixed-race category, and finally number of the other or mixed race people by age group. For 2016 (which, again, reflects a 2012 through 2016 average), population by race/ethnicity and age was taken from the 2016 ACS 5-year summary file, which provides counts by race/ethnicity and age for the non-Hispanic white, Hispanic/Latino, and total population combined. County by race/ethnicity and age for all people of color combined was derived by subtracting non- Hispanic whites from the total population.

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